1. A cult is a group characterized by (a) distinctive rituals of devotion to an idea or person, (b) isolation from mainstream ("evil") culture, and (c) a living, charismatic leader.

2. How do cults differ from mainstream churches and service organizations?

3. Cult leaders are usually bright individuals who are skilled at manipulating people. They claim special knowledge that they will give to "true believers".

4. Cult recruits

A. Recruits are usually under 25. Why?

B. About one-third have depressive symptoms, having just experienced a significant loss (e.g., death of a loved one, end of a relationship, loss of a job). Only 5-6% of recruits demonstrate major psychological problems prior to joining. Cults don't want new members with serious psychological problems. Why?

C. At least temporarily, many recruits are suffering from low self-esteem.

D. Frequently, recruits come from middle-class backgrounds because such people tend to be more trusting of others. It is important to note that there can be exceptions to these characteristics.

5. Recruitment techniques include the following:

A. Initial meeting that emphasizes care for the potential recruit and a general discussion of "philosophy of life". People are invited to return for a follow-up weekend retreat.

B. Weekend retreat involves songs, chanting, discussions, and sleep deprivation. Recruits are encouraged to make supportive statements. Commitments that are made voluntarily, publicly, and repeatedly are usually internalized.

C. Physically and psychologically remove members from mainstream society.

D. Distract members from thinking "undesirable " thoughts. This is often accomplished through rituals, chanting, and sleep deprivation.

E. Gradually escalate demands placed on members.

F. Fixate members’ vision on the notion of a "promised land" and better life if they remain faithful.

6. Discussion: Identify the elements of informational social influence and normative social influence that are present in the recruitment techniques.

7. Discussion: What needs are satisfied by cults?

8. Discussion: Cults are difficult to maintain idefinitely. Why?

9. Many groups have one or more of the above elements. In contemplating joining, one should ask:

A. Is access to new and different information being broadened and denied?

B. Does the individual assume personal responsibility and control or is it taken entirely by the group and its leader?