big_al_tex v1.2
%
%   big_al_tex.doc is a documented latex style file for big_al_tex, a latex
% style designed to conform to the Univerisity of Alabama Graduate Schools
% Formatting requirements for thesis and dissertation formatting. 
%
%   Much of the material in this file has been adapted from the AAS(v3.0)/
% JGR styles (i.e. from aasms.doc and jgrga.doc). 
%
%   Limitations: Note that this is Beta version. I have tested some of the
% aspects of the implementation (i.e. everything in big_al_sample.tex), but 
% no extensive testing has been done (i.e. your mileage may vary...). The 
% current version has been designed to work with latex 2.09, no attempt has
% been made to make it latex 2e compliant (although it should presumably
% work in "2.09 compatability mode"). All the formatting has been done 
% Assuming 12pt type only, It will probably format funny using any other
% size type. In addition use of the report style is assumed.
%
%  Revision history: Initial version (1.0Beta) by Victor Andersen 
%		     (andersen@crux.astr.ua.edu) 3-30-96
%
%		     Version 1.1 Many minor corrections and bug fixes.
%		        Victor Andersen 11-24-97.
%
%		     Version 1.2 Even more minor corrections.
%			Victor Andersen 4-6-98.
%
%  Comments by the revisor prefaced by VA-, all other comments are from
% original source.

\def\revtex@ver{1.2}            % Version number of this file.
\def\revtex@date{April 6, 1998}     % Revision date.
\def\revtex@org{big_al_tex}            % Sponsoring organization.
\def\revtex@genre{Thesis/Dissertation}       % Document "type".

\typeout{\revtex@org\space \revtex@genre\space substyle,
    v\revtex@ver\space <\revtex@date>.}

% VA- Issue warning if type size other than 12pt. selected.

\ifnum\@ptsize=2
\else
\typeout{Warning!! You have selected type size other than 12pt! Document
may format funny!}
\fi


% VA-  Redefine the form of the heading for chapters:
% chapter# <chapter designation>. The top margin has been set to be ~ 2in. 
%
% VA- Added \singlespace so that multiline chapter names would format
% in single space. 
%
% VA- Trying to get it to use sans serif font for all chapter and
% section headings. No luck so far...

\renewcommand{\@makechapterhead}[1]{\vspace*{0.125in} { \parindent 0pt 
\raggedright \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne  \huge\bf \singlespace \thechapter 
\hspace{0.5em} \fi  \huge \singlespace \sf\bf  #1\par
 \nobreak \vskip 40pt } }

% VA- Changed \chapter so first paragraph would indent.

\renewcommand{\chapter}{\clearpage      % Starts new page.
   \thispagestyle{plain}%    % Page style of chapter page is 'plain'
   \global\@topnum\z@      % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
   \@afterindenttrue      % Indents first paragraph.
   \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}  % Change to \@afterindenttrue to have
                                 % indent.

% VA- Try to get multiline section headings to be singlespaced. Had to 
% remove \rest@font command from section defs to get it to not barf.

\renewcommand{\section}{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus-1ex minus
    -.2ex}{2.3ex plus.2ex}{\Large\bf \singlespace}}

\renewcommand{\subsection}{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus-1ex
    minus-.2ex}{1.5ex plus.2ex}{\large\bf \singlespace}}

\renewcommand{\subsubsection}{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus
    -1ex minus-.2ex}{1.5ex plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bf \singlespace}}

% VA- Changed definition pf \@starsection so that all sections woud start
% with first paragraph indented.

\renewcommand{\@startsection}[6]{\if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
   \par \@tempskipa #4\relax
   \@afterindenttrue
   \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@ \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindenttrue\fi
   \if@nobreak \everypar{}\else
     \addpenalty{\@secpenalty}\addvspace{\@tempskipa}\fi \@ifstar
     {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}{\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}}


% VA- Set default line spacing to double spacing. Set left margin to 1.5 in.
% All other margins are set to 1 in.
%
% VA, 5-5-97- Reset margins to be somewhat larger (approx 1.25in).

\renewcommand{\oddsidemargin}{1.5in}
\renewcommand{\evensidemargin}{1.5in}
\renewcommand{\headheight}{0.167in}
\renewcommand{\headsep}{0.33in}
\renewcommand{\topmargin}{0.12in}
\renewcommand{\textheight}{600pt}
\renewcommand{\textwidth}{5.75in}

% VA- counter secnumdepth controls how deep a section will receive a printed
% section number. Setting it to 3 means subsubsections will get a printed
% number.

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}

% VA- Include useful stuff from the AAS and JGR style files. Includes; 
% References, tables, encapsulated postscript inclusion, and some 
% special math markup.


%  ****************************************
%  *          BIBLIOGRAPHY                *
%  ****************************************

% Bibliography/references environment.  For the time being, I don't think
% it would be a good idea to force an implementation based on BibTeX,
% although I'll prepare for that eventuality by using the constructs and
% general ideas of the LaTeX thebibliography environment.  Adjustments
% have been made so that the \cite-\bibitem mechanism can be used to cite
% references symbolically while maintaining proper citation syntax within
% the paper; the author must create the citation label for each reference
% in proper journal format in the \bibitem command.
%
%    \begin{thebibliography}{}
%    \bibitem[LABEL]{TEXTTAG} \reference <bibliographic data>
%    \end{thebibliography}
%
% where LABEL must adhere to the journal's standards, e.g. "Abt 1986".
%
% It is not necessary to use the thebibliography environment.  This style
% defines a references environment that simply sets off the list of references
% and adjusts spacing parameters.  It is not possible to use \bibitems
% within the references environment.  (The \reference command cannot be
% shortened to \ref; \ref is used in vanilla LaTeX for cross-referencing.)
%
%    \begin{references}
%    \reference <bibliographic data>
%    \end{references}
%
%    \markcite{TEXT}
%
% Observe that the bibliographic data supplied by the author must also
% conform to the standards of the journal.  I have elected not to burden
% authors with tedious LaTeX commands which would require many curly braces
% to delimit the bibliographic fields because many of the journals I have
% targeted in this project have agreed to reduce typographic overhead (bolding)
% italicizing, etc.) in reference lists.  (See Abt's editorial in ApJ 357.)
% It is the responsibility of the author to get these fields in the proper
% order with the correct punctuation; the information will be typeset as is,
% i.e., in roman with no size or style changes.
%
% Macros are provided for many of the oft-referenced journals so that authors
% may use the LaTeX names rather than having to look up a particular journal's
% specific abbreviation.  In principle, all the journals should be using the
% same abbreviations, too, but I anticipate some changes in the specific
% abbreviations before a set is finally settled on.  As long as these macros
% are kept up to date, authors need not be concerned about such editorial
% changes.
%
% Corresponding with the non-BibTeX references environment and \reference
% command for the reference list is the \markcite command.  This can be
% used to identify in-text citations; in this case, the author provides
% the actual citation text as opposed to the symbolic tag.  The use of
% this is encouraged, even for journals where no special formatting of
% citation call-outs is required; it is crucial for the future use of
% on-line browsers.
% VA- Removed part of \endreferences and \endthebibliography that tacked on
% the "This document prepared with..." to the end of the reference list.
% Also changed the Reference heading from being all uppercase, as well
% changed from a subsection to section, so the name would typset a little
% larger.


\def\references{\clearpage\section*{References}
   \bgroup\parindent=\z@\parskip=\itemsep
   \def\refpar{\par\hangindent=3em\hangafter=1}}
\def\endreferences{\refpar\egroup}

%\def\thebibliography{\clearpage\section*{References}
%    \list{\null}{\leftmargin 3em\labelwidth\z@\labelsep\z@\itemindent -3em
%    \usecounter{enumi}}
%    \def\refpar{\relax}
%    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
%    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
%    \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
%\def\endthebibliography{\endlist}
\def\thebibliography{\clearpage\noindent\vspace{.14in}
    \list{\null}{\leftmargin 3em\labelwidth\z@\labelsep\z@\itemindent -3em
    \usecounter{enumi}}
    \def\refpar{\relax}
    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
    \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\def\endthebibliography{\endlist}

\def\@biblabel#1{\relax}
%\def\@cite#1#2{({#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi})}
\def\@cite#1#2{#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi}

\def\reference{\relax\refpar}  % Generic: might be better...
\def\markcite#1{#1\relax}

% Modify \@citex so that individual citation texts are NOT hboxed.
% This allows TeX to break lines at spaces between words in citations.
% Remove the obnoxious {\bf ?} that was inserted in the text when
% undefined citations are encountered; here, the warning message is
% printed only on the terminal.


\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }\@ifundefined
       {b@\@citeb}{\@warning
       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}


% VA- Cut and pasting wholesale the "tables and figures", "planotables", and
% "figure, table, plate parameters" from aasms4.doc, in an attempt to 
% fix problems with many of the table commands in the earlier version.
% This has fixed some problems, but other features are still broken.


%  ****************************************
%  *          TABLES AND FIGURES          *
%  ****************************************

% Additions and adjustments for tables and figures.

% Be explicit in setting the counter for the number of floats allowed at the
% top of the page
\setcounter{topnumber}{7}

% Footnotes for tables are to be identified with lower case alphabetics,
% rather than numeric.  \tablenotemark and \tablenotetext commands are
% provided analogous to \footnotemark and \footnotetext, but with the
% identifier *required*, like \altaffilmark and \altaffiltext.  The
% \tablenotetext must be specified before the \end{table}, since
% \end{table} displays it.
%
%     \tablenotemark{TAG LETTER(S)}
%     \tablenotetext{ALPHA TAG}{TEXT}
%
% Note that TAG LETTER == ALPHA TAG for corresponding text.  It is the
% responsibility of the author to get the correspondence correct.
%
% The table footnotes are coupled to the table in which they occur, rather
% than being associated with a particular page, and they are printed with
% the table (relatively close to the caption) instead of appearing at the
% extreme bottom of the page.  This is done to ensure that the notes wind
% up on the same page as the table, since tables are floats and can migrate
% from one page to another.  There is the additional benefit that the notes
% are unambiguously attached to the proper table, which is what is required
% in the event that the editorial requirement of one table only per page
% is ever changed to permit several tables per page.
%
% Footnotes are NOT supported for figures.

\def\tablenotemark#1{\rlap{$^{\rm #1}$}}

% The \tablenotetext command buffers the table note text and the "proper"
% tablenote formatting information in a token buffer.  The tablenotes are
% dispensed into the vertical page list by \spew@tblnotes, which is
% executed by \end{table}.  Note that certain "global" tablenote formatting
% details are handled by \spew@tblnotes, which also clears the tblnote list.
% Praise and honor are due to Kresten Krab Thorup (krab@iesd.auc.dk) for
% posting ftn.sty to the Usenet, from which I drew the technique.

\newtoks\@temptokenb
\def\tblnote@list{}

\def\tablenotetext#1#2{
    \@temptokena={\vspace{.5ex}{\noindent\llap{$^{#1}$}#2}\par}
    \@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}
    \xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}

\def\spew@tblnotes{
  \ifx\tblnote@list\@empty\relax
  \else
    \vspace{4.5ex}
    \footnoterule
    \vspace{.5ex}
    {\footnotesize\tblnote@list}
    \gdef\tblnote@list{}
  \fi}

\def\endtable{\spew@tblnotes\end@float}
\@namedef{endtable*}{\spew@tblnotes\end@dblfloat}

% Add a \tableline command for use in tabular environments.  This command
% produces the horizontal rule(s) between the column headings and the body
% of the table.  Authors are discouraged from using any \hlines themselves,
% and are typically forbidden from using vertical rules by editors.

\let\tableline=\hline

% \@makecaption determines formatting for figure and table captions.  
% For manuscripts, all captions should be set as flushleft paragraphs.
%
% VA- Added \singlespace to \@makecaption so multiline captions would
% be single spaced. Also added \vskip 2ex command at end so there is some
% space between captions and tables. 
% Also added \centering, so that captions
% with less than one line and the tail end of multiline captions would be
% centered.
%
% VA- Removed \centering, it looked too funny...

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{\vskip 2ex\noindent 
\singlespace #1 #2\par\vskip 2ex}

% The \tablenum command allows the author to override all automatic
% table marking schemes.
%
%    \tablenum{TEXT}

\def\tablenum#1{\def\thetable{#1}\let\@currentlabel\thetable
    \addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}}

% The \figurenum command allows the author to override all automatic
% figure marking schemes.
%
%    \figurenum{TEXT}

\def\figurenum#1{\def\thefigure{#1}\let\@currentlabel\thefigure
    \addtocounter{figure}{\m@ne}}

% Usually, a table, figure, or plate is placed in an article at or near the
% location that it is first mentioned.  However, there are times when an author
% wishes to refer to a table, figure, or plate _before_ the table is placed, 
% for instance in an introduction.  The editors and typesetters however, may
% have trouble deciding just where a table/figure/plate should be placed.  The
% following commands allow the author to tell the editor and publisher exactly
% where they want to put an item.  It requires that a \label{KEY} command is
% used in the markup for the table/figure/plate (note that \label{} should
% appear _after_ any \caption command, so that the numbering will be correct).
%
%    \placetable{KEY}
%    \placefigure{KEY}
%    \placeplate{KEY}

\def\placetable#1{\vspace{0.5ex}\begin{center}EDITOR: PLACE TABLE \ref{#1} HERE.
    \end{center}\vspace{0.5ex}}
\def\placefigure#1{\vspace{0.5ex}\begin{center}EDITOR: PLACE FIGURE \ref{#1} 
    HERE. \end{center}\vspace{0.5ex}}
\def\placeplate#1{\vspace{0.5ex}\begin{center}EDITOR: PLACE PLATE \ref{#1} HERE.
    \end{center}\vspace{0.5ex}}
%
% Sometimes the figures are not included in the text, only the figure
% captions. To facilitate this, a \figcaption{...} command is
% included, which types out the figure captions as needed, and
% increments the figure counter automatically.
% The optional argument allows the markup to include, e.g. the filename
% of the external figure.
%
\def\figcaption{\@ifnextchar[{\@xfigcaption}{\@figcaption}}
\def\@figcaption#1{{\def\@captype{figure}\caption{#1}}}
\def\@xfigcaption[#1]#2{{\def\@captype{figure}\caption{#2}}}
%
% similarly, we sometimes want to put a placeholder in a document corresponding
% to a plano table (published elsewhere) so that cross references, etc work
% properly with autoincremented counters Thus, for example, one can do:
% \dummytable
% \label{mytable}
% in the document and refer to this table by number.
%
\def\dummytable{\refstepcounter{table}}

%  ****************************************
%  *           PLANO TABLES               *
%  ****************************************

% Plano tables are camera-ready pages that are included in a typeset
% article the same way as line drawings, graphs, and other camera-ready
% art, i.e., as "planographic" figures.  There are desirable properties
% for a formatter to have that are somewhat above and beyond LaTeX'x
% tabular environment that would facilitate the creation of such tables.
% Among these are breaking long tables across pages, using footnotes
% in a table, specifying comments and references for tables, etc.
%
% What follows was inspired by supertab.sty by Theo Jurriens, 1988.

% Commands for identifying table elements in a consistent way.  Observe
% that the formatting is embedded in the macro definitions so that the
% author doesn't need to be concerned about stylistic nuances.
%
%    \tablecaption{TEXT}
%    \tablehead{TEXT}
%    \colhead{HEADING}
%    \tabletail{TEXT}
%    \tablewidth{DIMEN}
%    \tablecolumns{NUM}
%    \tableheadfrac{NUM}

\newbox\pt@box
\newdimen\pt@width
\newcount\pt@line
\newcount\pt@column
\newcount\pt@nlines
\newcount\pt@ncol
\newcount\pt@page

% See 'deluxetable' environment definition for \pt@addcol
% The def was moved so that \tablecolumns only affects the current table
\def\colhead#1{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}\pt@addcol}
\def\tablecolumns#1{\pt@column=#1\pt@ncol=#1\gdef\pt@addcol{\relax}}
\def\tablecaption#1{\gdef\pt@caption{#1}} \def\pt@caption{\relax}
\def\tablehead#1{\gdef\pt@head{\hline\hline\relax\\[-1.7ex]
    #1\hskip\tabcolsep\\[.7ex]\hline\relax\\[-1.5ex]}} \def\pt@head{\relax}
\def\tabletail#1{\gdef\pt@tail{#1}} \def\pt@tail{\relax}
\def\tablewidth#1{\pt@width=#1} \pt@width\textwidth
\def\tableheadfrac#1{\gdef\pt@headfrac{#1}} \def\pt@headfrac{.1}

% Calculate the number of tabular rows that will fit in the body of the
% table.  The height of the table body and the number of lines are
% calculated thus:
%
%     bodyheight = \textheight * (1 - \pt@headfrac)
%     \pt@nlines = bodyheight / (\arraystretch * \baselineskip)
%
% The row height can be seen to be valid algebraically if one examines the
% definitions for \strutbox, \@setstrut, and \@array.  I could eliminate
% this calculation, as well as its attendant parameters, if it were possible
% to determine the accumulated height of the \halign box as TeX goes along.

\def\pt@calcnlines{\@tempdima\pt@headfrac\textheight
    \@tempdimb\textheight\advance\@tempdimb by-\@tempdima
    \@tempdima\arraystretch\baselineskip
    \divide\@tempdimb by\@tempdima
    \global\pt@nlines\@tempdimb}

% Define \pt@tabular, a ripoff of \@tabular but with \leavevmode removed
% so tabular box can be set with \setbox.  I do this so that table notes
% can be set to natural width of table, if desired.  Also, set \@acol
% to \@ptabacol, which is called when building the preamble for the
% \halign (assuming the first column format specification is "l", which
% it should be for ApJ tables) so that \tabskip within the table is set
% to \fill.  This permits us to toggle between natural and fixed-width
% tables without requiring the user to change markup.  Note that by
% forcing \tabskip always to be \fill, I pretty well nullify any
% @{\hspace} commands the user puts in the template, but this environment
% is for people who don't want to think about that sort of stuff anyway.

\def\pt@tabular{\hbox \bgroup $\let\@acol\@ptabacol 
   \let\@classz\@tabclassz
   \let\@classiv\@tabclassiv \let\\\@tabularcr\@tabarray}

\def\@ptabacol{\edef\@preamble{\@preamble \hskip \tabcolsep\tabskip\fill}}

% Permit different identifying strings, one for the first page of the
% table and one for continuation pages.  LaTeX's \fnum@table is set to
% one or the other automatically in the environment.  Note that caption
% handling is not so graceful: you have to edit inside the big macros to
% adjust this.  Someday, I will be ambitious enough to fix this.

% VA- Added . after \thetable in \fnum@ptablecont, so the format of 
% continued tables matched that of the first page caption.

\def\fnum@ptable{Table \thetable}
\def\fnum@ptablecont{Table \thetable.{\rm ---Continued}}

\newdimen\pt@tmpcapwidth
\def\set@mkcaption{\long\def\@makecaption##1##2{\ifdim\pt@width>\z@%
    \pt@tmpcapwidth\pt@width\else\pt@tmpcapwidth\textwidth\fi%
    \center\parbox{\pt@tmpcapwidth}{\center\rm##1.\quad##2\endcenter}%
    \endcenter}}
%\def\set@mkcaption{\long\def\@makecaption##1##2{
%    \center\rm##1.\quad##2\endcenter\vskip 2.5ex}}
\def\set@mkcaptioncont{\long\def\@makecaption##1##2{
    \center\rm##1\endcenter\vskip 2.5ex}}

% To enable \footnotesize to do what is expected, we redefine it here to an
% approximation of its original setting (except for setting the displayskip
% stuff (see the article style for more info).  It is reset back to \normalsize
% when the environment is exited.  NOTE: we use the font sizes from the
% 12pt style.
%
% VA  8-13-97:  Added \clearpage near end of deluxtable definition to force
% ejection of the last bit of multipage tables. This is to keep latex 
% from floating small table bits along, putting the last little bit of the
% table many pages from the rest of the table.

\newenvironment{deluxetable}[1]{\def\pt@format{\string#1}%
    \set@tblnotetext\global\pt@ncol=0\global\pt@column=0\global\pt@page=1%
    \let\footnotesize=\footnotesave%
    \def\pt@addcol{\global\advance\pt@ncol by\@ne}}%
    {%\crcr\noalign{\vskip .7ex}\hline\endtabular%
    \pt@width\wd\pt@box\box\pt@box\spew@ptblnotes%
    \typeout{Table \thetable\space has been set to width \the\pt@width}%
    \endcenter\end@float\clearpage%
    \let\footnotesize=\normalsize}
\let\planotable=\deluxetable
\let\endplanotable=\enddeluxetable

% VA- Added \singlespace to the \caption part of the \startdata definition,
% so that multiline captions for deluxe tables would format as singlespace.

\def\startdata{\pt@line=0\pt@calcnlines%
    \ifdim\pt@width>\z@\def\@halignto{to \pt@width}\else\def\@halignto{}\fi%
    \let\fnum@table=\fnum@ptable\set@mkcaption%
    \@float{table}\center\caption{\singlespace\pt@caption}\leavevmode%
    \setbox\pt@box=\pt@tabular{\pt@format}\pt@head}
\def\enddata{\crcr\noalign{\vskip .7ex}\hline\endtabular}
%
% There is NO good reason why the following statement should not allow
% an environment named "tbldata" to supplant the use of \startdata ... \enddata
% but a bug in TeX prevents it.
%
%\newenvironment{tbldata}[0]{\startdata}{\enddata}

% A kludgey kind of line delimiter is needed so that the line counter
% can be checked prior to adding the line to the alignment box.  This
% is bad because this form does not permit the addition of vertical
% space using the [.5ex] construct; this has to be done with an explicit
% \vskip.  And a disgusting \noalign is required, so I have to create
% another silly piece of markup to accomplish this conveniently.
%
% What is desired, of course, is for this line count checking to take
% place within the syntax of the regular LaTeX \\ command.  I have been
% giving myself apoplexy trying to figure this out for the last 36 hours,
% and I have decided I will have to wait for the onset of my "lucid
% period" for a solution.  In the meantime...

\def\pt@nl{\global\advance\pt@line by\@ne%
  \ifnum\pt@line=\pt@nlines%
    \endtabular\pt@width\wd\pt@box\box\pt@box
    \typeout{Page \the\pt@page\space of table \thetable\space has been set to
           width \the\pt@width\space with \the\pt@nlines\space lines per page}%
    \global\advance\pt@page by\@ne%
    \endcenter\end@float\clearpage%
    \addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}%
    \let\fnum@table=\fnum@ptablecont\set@mkcaptioncont%
    \@float{table}\center\caption{\pt@caption}\leavevmode%
    \global\pt@ncol=\pt@column%  Either 0 or value of \tablecolumns
    \global\pt@line=0%
    \setbox\pt@box=\pt@tabular{\pt@format}\pt@head%
  \else\\
  \fi}

% Author markup commands for planotable environment line breaks.
%
%    \nl == \nextline
%    \tablevspace{DIMEN}
%    \tablebreak

\let\nl=\pt@nl
\let\nextline=\pt@nl

\def\tablevspace#1{\noalign{\vskip#1}}
\def\tablebreak{\pt@line\pt@nlines\advance\pt@line by\m@ne\pt@nl}

% We have some specialty heads that are sometimes wanted in tables.
%
%    \cutinhead{TEXT}
%    \sidehead{TEXT}

\def\cutinhead#1{\noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}
    \hline\pt@nl\noalign{\vskip -4ex}
    \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{c}{#1}\pt@nl
    \noalign{\vskip .8ex}
    \hline\pt@nl\noalign{\vskip -2ex}}

\def\sidehead#1{\noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}
    \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{@{\hskip\z@}l}{#1}\pt@nl
    \noalign{\vskip .5ex}}

\def\set@tblnotetext{\def\tablenotetext##1##2{{%
    \@temptokena={\vspace{0ex}{%
    \parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em$^{\rm ##1}$##2}\par}}%
    \@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}%
    \xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}}}

\def\spew@ptblnotes{
  \ifx\tblnote@list\@empty\relax
  \else
    \par
    \vspace{2ex}
    {\parskip=1.5ex%
    \tblnote@list}
    \gdef\tblnote@list{}
  \fi}

% Special kinds of table footnotes.  Sometimes authors tabulate things
% which have corresponding references, and it may be desirable to associate
% these references with the table rather than (or in addition to) the
% formal reference list.  Occasionally, authors wish to append a short
% paragraph of explanatory notes that pertain to the entire table, but
% which are different than the caption.
%
%    \tablerefs{REFERENCE LIST}
%    \tablecomments{TEXT}

\def\tablerefs#1{\@temptokena={\vspace*{3ex}{%
    \parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em\rm References. --- #1}\par}}%
    \@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}
    \xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}

\def\tablecomments#1{\@temptokena={\vspace*{3ex}{%
    \parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em\rm Note. --- #1}\par}}%
    \@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}
    \xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}

%  ****************************************
%  *   FIGURE, TABLE, PLATE PARAMETERS    *
%  ****************************************

% Create a new type of float for plates.

\newcounter{plate}
\def\theplate{\@arabic\c@plate}

\def\fps@plate{bp}
\def\ftype@plate{4}			% Yes.  This must a power of 2.
\def\ext@plate{lof}			% Put plates in LOF.
\def\fnum@plate{{\bf Plate \theplate.}}
\def\plate{\@float{plate}}
\let\endplate\end@float
\@namedef{plate*}{\@dblfloat{plate}}
\@namedef{endplate*}{\end@dblfloat}
\let\platewidth=\tablewidth
\def\platenum#1{\def\theplate{#1}\let\@currentlabel\theplate
    \addtocounter{plate}{\m@ne}}

% Figure and table style parameters.

% VA- Changed \fnum@figure so that caption is prefaced with Figure, not
% Fig.. Also removed the em-dash from the formatting. Also changed 
% \fnum@table so that the Table identifier was followed by a . not a :.
%
% VA- Added \thechapter. to \thefigure and \thetable, so that tables and
% figures all get a unique number.

\def\thefigure{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fnum@figure{{\rm Fig.\space\thefigure.}}

\def\thetable{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fnum@table{{\rm Table \thetable.}}

% Figure and table float positions.

\def\fps@figure{bp}
\def\fps@table{bp}



%  ****************************************
%  *           EPS INCLUSIONS             *
%  ****************************************

% Include Rokicki's epsf.sty file explicitly.

\@ifundefined{epsfbox}{\@input{epsf.sty}}{\relax}

% Simplified EPS inclusion macros so we can see how this goes...
% These are layered on Rokicki's dvips material, and are dependent
% on the author's use of that DVI driver.
%
%    \plotone{EPSFILE}
%    \plottwo{EPSFILE}{EPSFILE}
%    \plotfiddle{EPSFILE}{VSIZE}{ROT}{HSF}{VSF}{HTRANS}{VTRANS}
%
% \plotone inserts the plot in a space that is \columnwidth wide; the
% plot is scaled so the horizontal dimension fits in the text width,
% and the vertical dimension is scaled to maintain the aspect ratio.
% \plottwo inserts two plots next to each other in one \columnwidth,
% sort of like "two-up" mode.
%
%    EPSFILE    name of file with EPS
%
% The following arguments are for the \plotfiddle macro which formats
% the \special itself, prepares vspace, etc.  This completely bypasses
% Rokicki's macros that attempt to rationalize the EPS BoundingBox with
% the LaTeX page dimensions.
%
%    VSIZE      vertical white space to allow for plot
%    ROT        rotation angle
%    HSF        horiz scale factor
%    VSF        vert scale factor
%    HTRANS     horiz translation
%    VTRANS     vert translation

%\epsfverbosetrue

% VA- Added the following 2 lines from aasms4.doc since they seem to not
% be in the version 3 files.

\def\eps@scaling{.95}
\def\epsscale#1{\gdef\eps@scaling{#1}}

% VA- Replaced the version 3 command with this one so that \epsscale works.

\def\plotone#1{\centering \leavevmode
    \epsfxsize=\eps@scaling\columnwidth \epsfbox{#1}}

\def\plottwo#1#2{\centering \leavevmode
    \epsfxsize=.45\columnwidth \epsfbox{#1} \hfil
    \epsfxsize=.45\columnwidth \epsfbox{#2}}

\def\plotfiddle#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{\centering \leavevmode
    \vbox to#2{\rule{0pt}{#2}}
    \special{psfile=#1 voffset=#7 hoffset=#6 vscale=#5 hscale=#4 angle=#3}}

%\@input{abbrevs.sty}

%  ****************************************
%  *            ABBREVIATIONS             *
%  ****************************************

% It is advisable to use the TeX control sequence and allow the keeper
% of the macros to make sure they expand to the proper text.  If macro
% package writers agree to all use the same TeX command name, authors
% only have to remember one thing, and the style file will take care
% of editorial preferences.  This is also the case when a single
% journal decides to revamp their abbreviating scheme, as has happened
% with the ApJ (1990 et seq.).

% VA- Changed the references for astronomical journals back to the form used
% in astronomy. Left all the other journals in the JGR style.

% VA- Added a short hand def for et al.

\def\et{{\em et al.}}

% VA- Changed \jnl@style from \it to \em.

\let\jnl@style=\em
\def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1}}

\def\aj{AJ}				% Astronomical Journal
\def\araa{ARA\&A}			% Annual Review of Astron and Astrophys
\def\apj{ApJ}				% Astrophysical Journal
\def\apjl{ApJ}				% Astrophysical Journal, Letters
\def\apjs{ApJS}				 % Astrophysical Journal, Supplement
\def\ao{Appl.Optics}			% Applied Optics
\def\apss{Ap\&SS}			% Astrophysics and Space Science
\def\aap{A\&A}				% Astronomy and Astrophysics
\def\aapr{A\&A~Rev.}			% Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews
\def\aaps{A\&AS}			% Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement
\def\azh{AZh}				% Astronomicheskii Zhurnal
\def\baas{BAAS}				% Bulletin of the AAS
\def\bams{\ref@jnl{Bull.~Am.~Meteorol.~Soc.}} % Bulletin of the American Meteoological Society
\def\bssa{\ref@jnl{Bull.~Seismol.~Soc.~Am.}} % Bulletin of the Seismological Society of Americ
\def\dsr{\ref@jnl{Deep~Sea~Res.}}	% Deep Sea Research
\def\eos{\ref@jnl{Eos~Trans.~AGU}}	% Eos (Transactions of the AGU)
\def\epsl{\ref@jnl{Earth~Planet.~Sci.~Lett.}}	% Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters
\def\gca{\ref@jnl{Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta}}	% Geochimica & Cosmochimica Acta
\def\gjras{\ref@jnl{Geophys.~J.~R.~Astron.~Soc.}} % Geophysical Journal of the RAS
\def\grl{\ref@jnl{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}}	% Geophysics Research Letters
\def\gsab{\ref@jnl{Geol.~Soc.~Am.~Bull.}}	% Bulletin of the GSA
\def\jatp{\ref@jnl{J.~Atmos.~Terr.~Phys.}}	% Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics
\def\jgr{\ref@jnl{J.~Geophys.~Res.}}	% Journal of Geophysical Research
\def\jpo{\ref@jnl{J.~Phys.~Oceanogr.}}	% Journal of Physical Oceanography
\def\jrasc{JRASC}			% Journal of the RAS of Canada
\def\memras{MmRAS}			% Memoirs of the RAS
\def\mnras{MNRAS}			% Monthly Notices of the RAS
\def\mwr{\ref@jnl{Mon.~Weather~Rev.}}	% Monthly Weather Review
\def\nat{Nature}
\def\pepi{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Earth Planet.~Inter.}}	% Physics of the Earth & ??
\def\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~A}}		% Physical Review A: General Physics
\def\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~B}}		% Physical Review B: Solid State
\def\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~C}}		% Physical Review C
\def\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~D}}		% Physical Review D
\def\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~Lett}}	% Physical Review Letters
\def\pasp{PASP}				% Publications of the ASP
\def\pasj{PASJ}				% Publications of the ASJ
\def\qjras{QJRAS}			% Quarterly Journal of the RAS
\def\qjrms{\ref@jnl{Q.~J.~R.~Meteorol.~Soc.}}	% Quarterly Journal of the RMS
\def\rg{\ref@jnl{Rev.~Geophys.}}	% Review of Geophysics
\def\rs{\ref@jnl{Radio~Sci.}}		% Radio Science
\def\skytel{S\&T}			% Sky and Telescope
\def\solphys{Solar~Phys.}		% Solar Physics
\def\sovast{Soviet~Ast.}		% Soviet Astronomy
\def\ssr{Space~Sci.Rev.}		% Space Science Reviews
\def\usgsof{\ref@jnl{U.S.~Geol.~Surv. Open File~Rep.}}	% USGS Open File Report
\def\usgspp{\ref@jnl{U.S.~Geol.~Surv.~Prof.~Pap.}}	% USGS Professional Papers
\def\zap{ZAp}				% Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik

\let\astap=\aap
\let\apjlett=\apjl
\let\apjsupp=\apjs

%\@input{misc.sty}

%  ****************************************
%  *            MISCELLANEOUS             *
%  ****************************************

% Handy little things everybody works out for themselves anyway.  Many
% of these come from Springer's A&A package, and some were contributed
% by Francois Schweizer at DTM.  You can go berserk making these up,
% especially when you start getting into the composite ones.  We have
% tried to select a tractable number that were useful, and somewhat
% difficult to get right because fussy kerning or some such is required.
% Most can be used in or out of math mode with impunity; \alt and \agt
% are relations and can only be used in math mode.

\def\arcdeg{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
\def\sun{\hbox{$\odot$}}
\def\earth{\hbox{$\oplus$}}
\def\lesssim{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$<$}}}}
\def\gtrsim{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$>$}}}}
\def\sq{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}}
\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}}
\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}}
\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}}
\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}
\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}
\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}}
\def\micron{\hbox{$\mu$m}}

\let\la=\lesssim			% For Springer A&A compliance...
\let\ga=\gtrsim

% Permit author to typeset "case" fractions.  This is sometimes
% wanted in displayed equations, during which LaTeX will set fractions
% specified as \frac{x}{y} as "built-up" fractions (numerator and
% denominator at body text size).

\def\case#1#2{\hbox{$\frac{#1}{#2}$}}

% Permit author to typeset fractions set with solidus where the size
% is reduced and the numerals are oriented diagonally.  Note that this
% is different from a "shilled" fraction, which the author can produce
% without any special formatting markup.  Define markup shorthands for
% several common fractions using solidus.

\def\slantfrac#1#2{\hbox{$\,^#1\!/_#2$}}
\def\onehalf{\slantfrac{1}{2}}
\def\onethird{\slantfrac{1}{3}}
\def\twothirds{\slantfrac{2}{3}}
\def\onequarter{\slantfrac{1}{4}}
\def\threequarters{\slantfrac{3}{4}}

\def\ubvr{\hbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}		% UBVR system
\def\ub{\hbox{$U\!-\!B$}}		% U-B
\def\bv{\hbox{$B\!-\!V$}}		% B-V
\def\vr{\hbox{$V\!-\!R$}}		% V-R
\def\ur{\hbox{$U\!-\!R$}}		% U-R

% Notation for atomic species (ionization levels).  The ionization state
% is specified as the second argument, and should be given as a numeral.
% The macro has to expand the numeric state into the proper notation for
% the publication (roman, numeric, plus signs, etc.)
%
%    \ion{ELEMENT}{IONIZATION STATE}

\def\ion#1#2{#1$\;${\small\rm\@Roman{#2}}\relax}

% Centered ellipsis for use in tables (for unknown values).  \nodata
% is generalized markup for this notion: format of null-valued entries
% in tables is style-specific.

%\def\cellipsis{\hfill$\cdots$\hfill}
\def\nodata{\multicolumn{1}{c}{$\cdots$}}

% Define parameters to adjust the baselineskip.
% These are passed as the scale factor argument to \baselinestretch.

\def\@tightleading{1.1}
\def\@doubleleading{1.5}

% Double-space by default.  Observe that you double-space in LaTeX by
% resetting \baselinestretch, which is essentially a scale factor for
% \baselineskip (= leading, for you typographophiles).  The style uses
% the \@doubleleading factor, defined above.

\def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}

% The \tighten command merely resets the \baselinestretch to a
% smaller factor, resulting in single-column text that is more closely
% spaced.  (This will always work.)  Tightening the vertical spacing
% in the text results in output that is more attractive for distribution
% to colleagues who are primarily interested in reading the paper, as
% opposed to copy editing it.  Double-spaced output for referees and
% copy editors is, however, the main objective of this style, hence
% double-spacing occurs by default.  The same effect as \tighten
% can be achieved by using the "tighten" document style option.
%
%    \tighten
%
% \tighten is intended for use in the preamble of the article.

\def\tighten{\def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}}
\let\tightenlines=\tighten

% For authors who feel compelled to change between single and double
% spacing in the manuscript, \singlespace and \doublespace commands
% are provided.  (Following recommendations of AAS Publications Board
% Subcommittee on Preprints.)
%
%    \singlespace
%    \doublespace

% VA- Redefined the single and double space commands to reset the value 
% of \baselineskip, since resetting the value of \baselinestretch seems to
% have no effect if it occurs after the \begin{document}. Commands still
% don't seem to effect the spacing of tables when done this way, but does 
% seem to effect the running text.

% \def\singlespace{\def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}\normalsize}
\def\singlespace{\setlength{\baselineskip}{0.7333\baselineskip}}
% \def\doublespace{\def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}\normalsize}
\def\doublespace{\setlength{\baselineskip}{1.3636\baselineskip}}

% VA- The only way I have found so far to effect the spacing of tables
% is to fiddle with \arraystretch. Not very satisfying, but...

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{0.67}