Akehurst, Lucy, Ray Bull, Aldert Vrij, and Gunter Kohnken. "The Effects of Training Professional Groups and Lay Persons to use Criteria-Based Content Analysis to Detect Deception." Applied Cognitive Psychology 18, no. 7 (2004): 877-891.
As Akehurst et al. write, "[t]his experiment was designed to assess, for the first time, the effects of training police officers, social workers, and students in Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) in an attempt to increase lie detection accuracy." Training in CBCA did not increase lie detection accuracy. However, training increased subjects' confidence in their (often inaccurate) judgments. The data suggest that accuracy would have been higher had subjects more strictly attended to the scores they assigned on specific CBCA items. Instead, subjects seemed to look beyond the CBCA scores when judging truthfulness.